¿Influye la pandemia del COVID-19 en las redes sociales de eventos no competitivos en edad escolar y adulta? Estudio de caso / Influence of COVID-19 on Social Networks of Non-competitive Events in School and Adult Ages? A Case Study

Resumen Las redes sociales son herramientas para mejorar los eventos deportivos. Por ello, el objetivo principal del presente estudio fue analizar los datos estadísticos de participación e impacto de los medios sociales (Facebook, Twitter e Instagram), del evento deportivo ''Gimnastrada de Extremadura'', y conocer la influencia de la situación de emergencia y confinamiento provocada por la crisis de la COVID-19 en los mismos para la edición prevista del año 2020. Se analizaron los datos de participación e interacción en las redes sociales, entre los periodos 2016-2017, 2017-2018, 2018-2019 y 2019-2020. Siempre se utilizó la misma estrategia de marketing en todos los medios por internet. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y exploratorio de los datos. Los resultados mostraron que el número de participantes ha aumentado significativamente, así como los seguidores desde la utilización de las redes sociales, siendo las mujeres las principales participantes y seguidoras. La red social Facebook es el medio utilizado principalmente por los usuarios para conocer y difundir la Gimnastrada de Extremadura en edad escolar y adulta. Por tanto, los resultados evidencian la importancia de conocer las interacciones de seguidores en los medios sociales, con la finalidad de planificar nuevas estrategias de marketing online. Además, a pesar de aplazarse el evento previsto para marzo de 2020, como consecuencia de la pandemia COVID-19, los datos estadísticos de las redes sociales del evento van aumentando cada año. Siendo, el momento de publicación del cartel o suspensión del evento, los instantes que reciben el mayor número de interacciones en las redes sociales.

Abstract Social networks are useful and effective as a tool for improving sporting events. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the statistical data of participation and the impact of social media (Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram) of ''Gimnastrada de Extremadura'' (Gymnastics of Extremadura). It also sought to know the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on this sporting event. The study analyzed the participation and interaction data on social networks in the periods 2016-2017, 2017-2018, 2018-2019, and 2019-2020. The same marketing strategy was always used in all online media. Therefore, a descriptive and exploratory analysis of the data was performed. The results showed that the number of participants in the event had increased significantly since the use of social networks, with women being the main followers. Facebook was the social medium mainly used by users to know the Gymnastics of Extremadura in school and adult ages. The results also demonstrated the importance of understanding the followers' interactions on social media to plan new online marketing strategies. Besides, even though the event was suspended due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the statistical data of the event's social networks increased every year, and the publication of the poster of the event or its suspension were the moments that received the greatest number of actions on social networks such as Like or Share / Retweet the news.

Resumo As redes sociais são ferramentas para melhorar os eventos esportivos. Portanto, o objetivo principal deste estudo é analisar os dados estatísticos de participação e impacto das mídias sociais (Facebook, Twitter e Instagram), do evento esportivo "Gimnastrada de Extremadura", e conhecer a influência da situação de emergência e confinamento causada pela crise da COVID-19 sobre elas para a edição de 2020. Os dados de participação e interação em redes sociais foram analisados, entre os períodos 2016-2017, 2017-2018, 2018-2019 e 2019-2020. A mesma estratégia de marketing foi usada em todos os meios de comunicação on-line. Foi feita uma análise descritiva e exploratória dos dados. Os resultados mostraram que o número de participantes aumentou significativamente, assim como os seguidores desde o uso de redes sociais, sendo as mulheres as principais participantes e seguidoras. A rede social Facebook é o meio utilizado principalmente pelos usuários para conhecer e divulgar a ''Gimnastrada de Extremadura'' na idade escolar e adulta. Portanto, os resultados mostram a importância de conhecer as interações dos seguidores nas mídias sociais, a fim de planejar novas estratégias de marketing on-line. Além disso, apesar do adiamento do evento, previsto para março de 2020, causado pela pandemia da COVID-19, as estatísticas da mídia social do evento estão aumentando a cada ano. O momento da publicação do cartaz ou da suspensão do evento são os momentos que recebem o maior número de interações nas redes sociais.

Effectiveness of Nitrate Intake on Recovery from Exercise-Related Fatigue: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Recovery between efforts is critical to achieving optimal physical and sports performance. In this sense, many nutritional supplements that have been proven to improve recovery and physical and physiological performance are widely used. Supplements such as nitrates (NO3-), including organic foods such as beets, promote muscle recovery and relieve fatigue. This study aimed to comprehensively summarise the available literature on the effect of NO3- consumption on exercise-related fatigue and muscle damage. METHODS: A systematic search was carried out based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) using electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). From a total of 1634 studies identified, 15 studies were included in this review. RESULTS: Based on the review, NO3- intake provokes physiological and metabolic responses that could potentially boost exercise-related recovery. NO3- could improve recovery indicators related to strength, pain, inflammation, and muscle damage. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the relative proven effectiveness of NO3- on recovery after aerobic and anaerobic efforts, based on the heterogeneity of the procedures (e.g., dosage, chronic vs. acute intake, participants' characteristics, variables and outcomes), it could be premature to suggest its extended use in sports.

Analysis of Injuries and Wellness in Blind Athletes during an International Football Competition.

Five-a-side football for blind people is the only adapted football modality present at the Paralympic games. Fa5 is a collaborative-opposition sport in which its participants play with no vision, which causes numerous impacts. At the London 2012 Paralympic Games, it was the sport with the highest incidence of sports injuries. The main objective of this work is to analyse the association between pain perception; spatio-temporal, mechanical, and metabolic workload with injuries; and wellness in players during an international Fa5 competition. The following variables, monitored during an International Fa5 Tournament, were analysed: general well-being, perception of pain and injuries, and the spatio-temporal and metabolic workload. The results show that the incidence of injuries increases as the tournament progresses, where injured players reported greater muscle pain and stress before the matches started. Besides, the players' internal and external load did not explain the incidence of injury. Still, the values obtained in the wellness questionnaire, the perception of pain, and stress suggested they contributed to the incidence of injury.

Influencia del equilibrio en la calidad de vida de las personas con síndrome de Down en edad escolar y adulta: Revisión bibliográfica / Influence of Balance on the Quality of Life of People with Down Syndrome in School and Adult Ages: A Literature Review

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar una revisión de la bibliografía, estructurada en torno a la influencia del equilibrio en la calidad de vida de las personas con síndrome de Down en edad escolar y adulta. Para la búsqueda, se introdujo en las bases de datos WOS, Scopus y SPORTDiscus las palabras clave "Down Syndrome", "Balance" y "Quality of life". Para ello, se ha seguido la propuesta de revisión literaria de Gamonales, Muñoz-Jiménez, León & Ibáñez (2018), con cuatro criterios de inclusión: i) Mencionar la influencia del equilibrio en la CDV de las personas con SD (mínimo 20 palabras), ii) Seleccionar exclusivamente artículos científicos, iii) Tener acceso al texto completo o Resumen, y iv) Estar escrito en inglés, portugués o español. Los documentos revisados sobre la influencia del equilibrio en personas con síndrome de Down abordan tópicos de investigación diferentes. De los treinta y siete artículos localizados en la primera búsqueda, siete de ellos cumplen con los criterios de inclusión. Los textos científicos revisados muestran que la práctica de ejercicio físico específico produce mejoras en el equilibrio y en la calidad de vida de las personas con síndrome de Down, lo que permite establecer recomendaciones básicas de actividad física para este colectivo.

Abstract The study aims to conduct a bibliographic and structured review based on the results found around the influence of balance on the quality of life of people with Down Syndrome (DS) in school and adult ages. For references searching, the following keywords were used as descriptors: "Down Syndrome," "Balance," and "Quality of life". The words were always introduced in English and computerized databases; SCOPUS, WOS, and SPORTDiscus were used. Four inclusion criteria were introduced to limit the search: i) mentioning the influence of balance on the QOL of people with DS, ii) taking exclusively into consideration scientific articles, iii) having access to the full text or abstract, and iv) being written in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. In conclusion, the documents about the influence of balance in people with Down Syndrome address different research topics. Of the thirty-four articles located in the first search, seven of them meet the inclusion criteria. The reviewed scientific literature shows that the practice of physical exercise and specific training produce improvements in balance and the quality of life of people with Down syndrome, which allows establishing the recommendation to specifically train balance during physical activity sessions since there is evidence of positive effects for this group.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica, estruturada sobre a influência do equilíbrio na qualidade de vida das pessoas com síndrome de Down na idade escolar e adulta. Para a pesquisa, as palavras-chave "Down Syndrome," "Balance," e " Quality of life " foram introduzidas nas bases de dados WOS, Scopus e SPORTDiscus. Foi seguida a proposta de revisão de literatura de Gamonales, Muñoz-Jiménez, León & Ibáñez (2018), com quatro critérios de inclusão: i) Mencionar a influência do equilíbrio na CDV das pessoas com SD (mínimo 20 palavras), ii) Selecionar exclusivamente artigos científicos, iii) Ter acesso ao texto completo ou resumo, e iiii) Ser escrito em inglês, português ou espanhol. Os artigos analisados sobre a influência do equilíbrio nas pessoas com síndrome de Down abordam diferentes tópicos de pesquisa. Dos trinta e sete artigos localizados na primeira busca, sete deles atendem aos critérios de inclusão. Os textos científicos analisados mostram que a prática de exercício físico específico produz melhorias no equilíbrio e na qualidade de vida das pessoas com síndrome de Down, o que permite estabelecer recomendações básicas de atividade física para este grupo.

Ejercicio físico y terapia nutricional en el tratamiento de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Revisión Sistemática / Physical exercise and nutritional therapy in the treatment of eating disorders

Los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA) son una enfermedad mental grave, causante de morbilidad física y psicosocial. Esta enfermedad tiene una mayor prevalencia entre mujeres jóvenes, y en población deportista. La terapia cognitiva conductual (TCC) es el tratamiento actual más adecuado para este tipo de trastornos, no obstante, cada vez son más los programas que incluyen pautas de ejercicio físico (EF) y Terapia Nutricional (TN) para el tratamiento de los TCA. Objetivo. Realizar una revisión sistemática exploratoria de la literatura que permita conocer el estado actual de los programas de intervención a través del EF y la TN para el tratamiento de los TCA. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda y recopilación de documentos científicos mediante un modelo de acumulación de datos y selección de estudios, en la que se utilizaron las bases de datos informatizadas SCOPUS, Web of Science, y PubMed. En todas las bases de datos consultadas, se empleó la misma frase de búsqueda. Para acotar los resultados, se introdujeron una serie de criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados. La revisión contó con cinco documentos relacionados con la temática de estudio, que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Conclusión. Las intervenciones con EF y TN para el tratamiento de los TCA suponen una reducción en la severidad de la sintomatología de los pacientes. Estos programas se muestran como una herramienta terapéutica alternativa o complementariaa la terapia convencional. Se requieren más estudios que combinen programas de intervención de EF y TN dirigidos a pacientes con TCA(AU)

Eating Disorders (ED) are a severe mental illness that causes physical and psychosocial problems. This illness has a higher prevalence among young women, and between athletes. cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the current treatment for this type of disorder. However, more and more programs are including physical exercise (PE) and nutritional therapy (TN) for eating disorders treatment. Objective. To carry out an exploratory systematic review of the literature that allows us to know the current state of intervention programs through physical exercise and nutritional therapy for the treatment of eating disorders. Materials and methods. For the reference search thesame search phrase was used. The terms were entered in English in the following computerized databases: SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed. To limit the search, four inclusion criteria were introduced. Results. The review included five scientific articles related to the study topic, which met the inclusion criteria. Conclusion. Intervention programs for the treatment of eating disorders that include physical exercise and nutritional therapy are shown as an alternative or complementary tool to conventional therapy. These programs involve a reduction in the severity of ED symptoms and an improvement in anthropometric parameters and physical condition. More studies that combine PE and TN programs for people with ED are required(AU)

Relación entre la presencia del portero y las variables pedagógicas que definen las tareas en el fútbol. Un estudio de caso / Relationship Between the Presence of the Goalkeeper and the Pedagogic Variables that Define the Football Tasks. A Case Study

Resumen La presente investigación tiene el objetivo de analizar las variables pedagógicas que se incluyen en las tareas de entrenamiento diseñadas por el entrenador de fútbol-base, categoría Benjamín (edad comprendida entre 9 y 10 años), respecto a la presencia o no del portero. Con tal fin, se analizaron un total de 46 tareas de entrenamiento desarrolladas durante 2 meses de la etapa formativa. Se utilizó́ la herramienta SIATE para la categorización y análisis de las siguientes variables pedagógicas de dichas tareas: presencia de portero (POR), situación de juego (SJ), fase de juego (FJ), tipo de contenido (CONT-G), medio de iniciación deportiva (MIE), nivel de oposición (NO) y línea de juego (LJ). Los resultados muestran que el entrenador diseña tareas de entrenamiento de 8 x 8, mixta y competitivas con presencia de portero, y tareas de entrenamiento 1 x 0, así como ejercicio de aplicación compleja para el calentamiento sin presencia de portero. Se concluye que existen diferencias significativas entre la variable presencia de portero y el modo de actuar del entrenador.

Abstract This research aims to analyze the pedagogical variables included in the training tasks designed by the soccer-base coach, Benjamin category (age between 9 and 10 years), regarding the presence or not of the goalkeeper. To do this, a total of 46 training tasks framed during 2 months of the training stage were analyzed. For the categorization of tasks, the SIATE tool was used, to analyze the pedagogical variables: presence of goalkeeper (PG), game situation (GS), game phase (GP), content type (CONT-T), sports initiation medium (SIM), opposition level (OL) and line of play (LJ). The results show that the coach designs 8 x 8, mixed and competitive training tasks with the presence of a goalkeeper, and 1 x 0 training tasks, complex application exercise for warm-up without the presence of a goalkeeper. Also, there are significant differences between the variable presence of goalkeeper and the coach's way of acting.

Resumo A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as variáveis ​​pedagógicas que integram as tarefas de treinamento elaboradas pelo técnico de futebol juvenil da categoria Benjamin (idade entre 9 e 10 anos), no que se refere à presença ou não do goleiro. Para isso, foram analisadas 46 tarefas de treinamento desenvolvidas durante 2 meses da etapa de treinamento. A ferramenta SIATE foi utilizada para a categorização e análise das seguintes variáveis ​​pedagógicas dessas tarefas: presença do goleiro (POR), situação do jogo (SJ), fase do jogo (FJ), tipo de conteúdo (CONT-G), meio esporte de iniciação (MIE), nível de oposição (NO) e linha de jogo (LJ). Os resultados mostram que o técnico projeta tarefas de treinamento 8 x 8, mistas e competitivas com a presença de goleiro, e tarefas de treinamento 1 x 0, além de um complexo exercício de aplicação para aquecimento sem a presença de goleiro. Conclui-se que existem diferenças significativas entre a variável presença do goleiro e a forma de atuação do técnico.

Efectos terapéuticos de la hipoterapia para personas mayores: revisión de la literatura / Therapeutic effects of hippotherapy in elderly people: scoping review

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo realizar una revisión bibliográfica y estructurada basada en los resultados encontradosen torno a los términos Hipoterapia y Personas mayores. Para la búsqueda de referencias, se utilizó como descriptores lassiguientes palabras clave en inglés, Hippotherapy y Elderly, siendo estas palabras clave siempre introducidas en las bases dedatos del mismo idioma. Se utilizaron las bases de datos informatizadas SCOPUS, WOS, SPORTDiscus. PubMed y Cochrane. Paralimitar la búsqueda de documentos, se introdujeron cuatro criterios de inclusión: i) Mencionar al menos alguna de las carac-terísticas de la Hipoterapia para personas mayores (mínimo 20 palabras que mencionen la temática), ii) Seleccionar solamentedocumentos científicos (Artículos de revistas), pudiendo tener estos manuscritos un diseño experimental o ser estudio derevisión, iii) Ser accesible y estar disponible a texto completo o con acceso al resumen, y iiii) Estar escrito en el idioma español,inglés o portugués. Los resultados muestran que los documentos sobre Hipoterapia en personas mayores abordan tópicosde investigación diferentes, y muestran que las terapias ecuestres tienen efectos terapéuticos beneficiosos en la poblaciónde edad avanzada. Las intervenciones con Hipoterapia mejoran el equilibrio estático y el equilibrio dinámico, el equilibriopostural, la movilidad funcional, la flexibilidad, la fuerza muscular, el modo de andar y la cadencia de pasos. Disminuyen laespasticidad, provocando una disminución del riesgo de caída y una mejora de la calidad de vida de las personas de edadavanzada. Además, provocan beneficios a nivel psicológico, reduciendo los niveles de estrés y depresión, lo que produce unamejora en la calidad del sueño e influye positivamente en el estado de ánimo.(AU)

The present work aims to carry out a structured and bibliographic review based on the results found regarding the termsHippotherapy and Elderly people. For the reference search, the following keywords in English, Hippotherapy and Elderly, wereused as descriptors, these keywords being always entered in databases of the same language. The computerized databasesSCOPUS, WOS, SPORTDiscus were used. PubMed and Cochrane. To limit the search for documents, four inclusion criteria wereintroduced: i) Mention at least some of the characteristics of Hippotherapy for the elderly (minimum 20 words that mentionthe subject), ii) Select only scientific documents (journal articles) These articles may have an experimental design or be reviewarticles, iii) Be accessible and be available in full text or with access to the abstract, and iiii) Be written in Spanish, English orPortuguese. The results show that the papers on Hippotherapy in the elderly address different research topics and show thatequestrian therapies have beneficial therapeutic effects in the elderly population. Hippotherapy interventions improve staticbalance and dynamic balance, postural balance, functional mobility, flexibility, muscular strength, gait and cadence of steps.They reduce spasticity, causing a decrease in the risk of falls and an improvement in the quality of life of the elderly. In addition,they cause benefits on a psychological level, reducing levels of stress and depression, which produces an improvement in thequality of sleep and positively influences mood.(AU)

Data Mining to Select Relevant Variables Influencing External and Internal Workload of Elite Blind 5-a-Side Soccer.

(1) Background: Data mining has turned essential when exploring a large amount of information in performance analysis in sports. This study aimed to select the most relevant variables influencing the external and internal load in top-elite 5-a-side soccer (Sa5) using a data mining model considering some contextual indicators as match result, body mass index (BMI), scoring rate and age. (2) Methods: A total of 50 top-elite visually impaired soccer players (age 30.86 ± 11.2 years, weight 77.64 ± 9.78 kg, height 178.48 ± 7.9 cm) were monitored using magnetic, angular and rate gyroscope (MARG) sensors during an international Sa5 congested fixture tournament.; (3) Results: Fifteen external and internal load variables were extracted from a total of 49 time-related and peak variables derived from the MARG sensors using a principal component analysis as the most used data mining technique. The principal component analysis (PCA) model explained 80% of total variance using seven principal components. In contrast, the first principal component of the match was defined by jumps, take off by 24.8% of the total variance. Blind players usually performed a higher number of accelerations per min when losing a match. Scoring players execute higher DistanceExplosive and Distance21-24 km/h. And the younger players presented higher HRAVG and AccMax. (4) Conclusions: The influence of some contextual variables on external and internal load during top elite Sa5 official matches should be addressed by coaches, athletes, and medical staff. The PCA seems to be a useful statistical technique to select those relevant variables representing the team's external and internal load. Besides, as a data reduction method, PCA allows administrating individualized training loads considering those relevant variables defining team load behavior.

Análisis del disfrute de los participantes en evento no competitivo: Gimnastrada de Extremadura / Analysis of the enjoyment of participants in a non-competitive event: Gimnastrada de Extremadura

La sociedad actual vive a un ritmo frenético, la preocupación por la imagen corporal, por la calidad de vida y por los hábitos saludables, conforman nuevos estilos de vida. Múltiples estudios inciden en la necesidad de crear hábitos de vida saludables desde la infancia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue medir, el grado de disfrute al participar en una manifestación deportiva no competitivo como la Gimnastrada de Extremadura, utilizando para ello la Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). Los resultados muestran que el grado de disfrute ha sido positivo y elevado además de confirmar la evolución en cuanto a número de participantes, procedencia y público. Es por ello, que se debe incentivar, apoyar y difundir todas aquellas actividades físicas, deportivas y artísticas que, a nivel escolar, extraescolar y fuera del ámbito educativo se promuevan, para así favorecer y asegurar la práctica posterior que procurará en el individuo un mayor bienestar físico y psicológico y por tanto ser más felices

Nowadays, society operates at a frenetic pace. Concerns about body image, quality of life, and healthy habits are giving rise to new lifestyles and habits. There are currently multiple studies that focus on the need to encourage and adopt healthy habits in early childhood. The aim of this study was to measure the joy that children experienced while participating in non-competitive sport manifestation, such as the Gimnastrada of Extremadura, by using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). The results of this study were incredibly positive, confirming high participant enjoyment, as well as increased engagement and participation in students from diverse nationalities and socioeconomic backgrounds. Given these results, Physical Education should be incentivized both in and outside of the classroom. Professionals must take the lead by encouraging and providing support for the numerous physical, artistic, and sport-related activities that are available both in and outside of school. In this way, we may increase subsequent participation in these activities, which will contribute to greater